Answer
Refrigerants have an impact on global warming at three stages:
1.When the refrigerants themselves are manufactured
2.When they are sealed inside equipment which is then operated
3.When the equipment is disposed of, recycled or broken up
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), for instance, excel at Stage 2, but consume great amounts of energy at Stages 1 and 3 so this increases their overall impact on global warming.
When CO2 refrigerants are used in the heat pumps for hot water heaters, for example, they consume very little energy at all Stages 1, 2 and 3. Even if they are released to the atmosphere at Stage 3, their impact on the environment is negligible and their impact on global warming is minimal.
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